Journalism

News is:

Anything printable.

An account of an event, or a fact or an opinion that interests people.

A presentation of current events in newspapers, magazines, radio, television or online.

Anything that enough people want to read is news, provided it meets the standards of "good taste" and isn't liable.

Anything that is timely that interests a number of readers, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest for the greatest number of people.

Accurate and timely intelligence of happenings, discoveries, opinions, and matter of any sort that affect or interest the reader.

The first rough draft of history. (the final draft is when they put it in the history books)

The study of people.


News Elements:

Proximity: has to do with location. IF the event is happening close by, it will have greater impact on your readers. People like to read about things they are familiar with.

Timeliness: If something is happening now, it has more impact than something that happened yesterday or last week. Newness of facts. This is also why the paper cover events that are about to happen.

Prominence: This has to do with how well known the people in our story are. If the person or persons are well known to your readers, the story will impact them more.

Conflict: Readers have an interest in disagreements, arguments, fights, and rivalries. This is why people love sports, politics, and elections. It involves tension, surprise, and suspense.

Novelty: If something is unusual, peopple want to know what and why it happened.

Human Interest: If a situation makes you angry, sad, happy, or overjoyed, it can also be someone of interest.

Biology Pre-AP

Characteristics Of Life:

• cellular struction and function
• reproduction- all living things come from other living things
• metabolism- breaking down food to absorb and use as energy (if you have a fast metabolism and use up energy fast, you're most likely skinny, and if you have a slow metabolism you don't use up your energy very fast and is most likely obese or overweight)
• homeostasis- maintaining a constant internal environment (body temperature, functions of organs, etc.)
• heredity- passing on generic materials to offspring
• evolution- change over time, not individually but as a group
• interdependence- all living things depend on other things in the environment

World Geography Pre-AP

Notes:

• Geography- the study of the distribution and interaction of physical human factors of Earth
• Tools of Geography- maps, photographs, scale models, five themes of geography
• Five Themes of Geography- describe patterns & connections in the Earth's space

Five Themes:

• Location (where is it?)
• Place (what's it like?)
• Region (how are places similar/different?)
• Human-Environment Interaction (how do we relate to our world?)
• Movement (how are people, goods, & ideas transported?)

M ovement

R egion

H uman

E nvironment-Interaction

L ocation

P lace

Mr. Help

I. Location

-absolute (identify by longitude & latitude coordinates)

-relative (identify by relation to surroundings)

II. Place

-physical (climate, landforms, & vegetation) made by nature

-cultural characteristics (environmental changes: dams, highways, buildings, interaction between people) made by man

III. Region

-can be physical, political, cultural, or economic

-formal- limited # of characteristics, ex. Sahel Desert Region of Africa (specific climate, vegetation & land use pattern); Great Lake Region of the U.S.A.

-functional- organized around the connections between places: DFW Metroplex

-Perceptual- what people think is a region (ex. the sunbelt: VA to CA or GA to CA?)

IV. HEI

-people change, use & live with environment (for good & bad)

-can make places safer/more livable or pollutes & destroys nature

V. Movement

-geographers think: linear distance, time distance, psychological distance (if you tag along for a 5 hour drive and falls asleep for 3 hours during the ride, when you get there, it wouldn't feel like a 5 hour drive, only two)

-modern inventions have shortened time and increased movement (internet is the most important mode of transportation [for info.])

Spanish

Cognates:

Spanish to English:

• abandonar- abandon
• abruto- abrupt
• atraccion- attraction
• banda- band
• banquete- banquet
• bicicleta- bicycle
• banco- bank
• calcular- to calculate
• combinar- to combine
• capital- capital
• decorar- to decorate
• directo- direct
• decidir- to decide
• danzar- to dance

-A Spanish word ending in in ar, er, or ir, it's a verb.

English I Pre-AP

Parts Of Speech

• Nouns- name persons, places, things, ideas, or qualities (ex. Capote, woman, Mississippi River, seashell, hardship, courage)
• Pronouns- usually replace nouns and function as nouns (ex. I, you, he, this, that, who, which, everyone)
• Verbs- express actions, occurences, or states of being (ex. run, write, be, appear, seem)
• Adjectives- describe or modify nouns or pronouns (ex. necessary, private, beautiful)
• Adverbs- Answer these questions: when, where, why, how, how much, or in what way? They modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs (ex. very, too, loudly, finally, yesterday, next, daringly)
• Prepositions- Relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence (ex. about, to, with, around, during, in, of, within
• Conjunctions- link words, phrases, and clauses
• Coordinating Conjunctions- linds words, phrases, or clauses, of equal importance (ex. and, but, so, for, or, nor, not only...but also, either...or)
• Subordinating Conjunctions- introduce clauses that cannot stand by themselves as compete sentences and link them to main clauses (although, because, if, whenever, as, whether, in order that)
• Interjections- express feeling or command attention, either alone or in a sentence (ex. hey, oh, darn, wow, hark!)
• Articles- any of three words to signal the presence of a noun (ex. a, an, the)

Algebra I

Palindrome

A palindrome is a word or number that looks the same backwards and forwards. (i.e. dad- dad, pop- pop or 11711- 11711)

To find the palindrome of a number you simply add a number to it's reverse number until the pattern appears: 249+942=1191, 1191+1911=3102, 3102+2013=5115

5115- 5115 It's a palindrome!

Biology Pre-AP

Notes:

• Problem- a scientific question that can be answered by experimentation; if the problem is already solved, do research
• Hypothesis - an educated guess

A hypothesis should include the words: If...then... (ex. If you add a paper clip to a paper helicopter then it will stabilize and stay in the air longer.)

• Independent Variable- something you changed about the experiment each time you do it
• Dependent Variable- the results depending on the independent variable

Adding a paper clip on the helicopter makes it an independent variable. The outcomes resulting from the additional paper clip is the dependent variable. These two kinds of variables are always connected (i.e. If you shut a plant in a closet then it will grow monkeys. Wrong. Those two things are not connected.)

• Control- is different from the experimental group, you do not change the subjects of this group
• Experimental Group- these subjects have one thing different than the control group, but they also have constants
• Constant- a factor in an experiment that''s kept the same in all trials