Biology Pre-AP

Mass- the quantity of matter or the measure of the amount of "stuff" in something, in the metric system mass is measured by kilograms

Weight- the force that the earth pulls on the mass (the force of gravity on mass) and since force is measured by newtons so is weight

Density- mass per volume

Solutions- groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution
-it can be solids dissolved in liquids
-it can also be gases in gases or liquids in liquids
-solute- the substance to be dissolved
-solvent- the one doing the dissolving

Surface Tension- the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water
-surface tension is related to the cohesive properties of water
-capillary action is related to the adhesive properties of water
-the thinner the tube/straw the higher up capillary action will occur

Five States of Matter- solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, & Bose-Einstein: also know as phases
-one compound or element can move from phase to phase and still be the same substance

Kinetic Energy- motion
-electrical energy- the movement of electrical charge, everything is made of particles called atoms
-radiant energy- electromagnetic energy that travels in tranverse waves

Potential Energy- has the potential to be in motion
-chemical energy- stored in bonds of atoms and molecules
-nuclear energy- energy in the nucleus of an atom

Electrons/Protons
-if an atom is neutral it has the same # of prontons (+) as electrons (-)

Periodic Table
-symbol- 1 or 2 letter abbreviation derived from Latin or English
-name- elements common name
-atomic number- equal to the # of protons in the nucleus as well as the # of electrons in the electons cloud
atomic mass- weighted average of the masses of the elements isotopes (one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers)

Extra
-acid- a solution that has an excess of H+ ions
-base- a solution that has an excess of oh- ions
-neutral- a solution that has a pH of 7, neither acid or base
-atoms- basis of chemistry
-covalent bonds- electrons are shared
-electrovalent bonds- electrons are given up