600 CE - 1450 CE
East Asia
- Spread of Buddhism
- Revival of Confucian thinking
- Junks (ships) were highly advanced and developed--used for trade and military
- Heightened role of commerce & money
- Agrarian expansion included new farming techniques, new crops, new agricultural technology
Western Europe
- Roman Catholicism with Pope in charge
- Battle of Tours of 732 CE kept Muslims from entering Europe
- Charlemagne (of the Caroligians) created substantial empire in France & Germany around 800 CE
- Feudalism was established
Eastern Europe and Russia
- Wide social gaps
- Turkic invasions (Battle of Manzikart)
- Influx of Jews
- Orthodox Christian missionaries convert people of the Balkans
- Kievan Rus (rise and decline)
South Asia
- Sinification took place in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
- Women had higher status in Vietnam (Trung Sisters Rebellion)
- Vietnam and Korea paid tribute to China
Latin America
- Aztecs & Incas were controlled by kin groups
- Human sacrifices were made to the gods--taken from conquered territories
- Forced labor (mita)
- Polytheism
- Conquered neighboring peoples
Middle East
- Islam became a major religion
- Islamic factions split (Sunnis & Shi'ites)
- More active roles for women in society due to egalitarian beliefs in the Quran
- Used gunpowder in battle
Africa
- Organized into Sudanic states led by patriarch or council elders
- Cities were commercial and included a merchant community
- 80% of villagers farmed
- Polygamy
Major Themes/Turning Points
- Rise and spread of Islam
- Battle of Tours
- Magna Carta
- Ottoman Empire
- Chinggis Khan (followed by Timur-i Lang)
- Use of gunpowder
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