Biology

Cell Definitions:

• Prokaryote- simple cell, no nucleus or cell organelles (ex. bacterial cells)
• Eukaryote- complex cell, contains nucleus and other organelles
• Organelle- the organs in the cell
• Selective Permeability- part of the plasma membrane, lets some substances pass through, while keeping others out
• Chloroplast- captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
• Mitochondria- converts fuel energy into usable energy
• Osmosis- the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
• Diffusion- the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area with lower concentration by random motion of that substance's particles
• Active Transport- the transport of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient
• Passive Transport- movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell
• Hypertonic- describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
• Hypotonic- describes a solution whose solute concentration is lowerthe the solute concentration inside a cell
• Isotonic- describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
• Exocytosis- the process by which a substance is released from the cell
• Endocytosis- the process by which a cell membrane encloses around a particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell